编号:HAR612

中文名称:十一面观音（八臂）

英文名称: Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva & Buddhist Deity) - (11 faces, 8 hands)

尺幅:68.58x44.45cm (27x17.50in)

类别:红唐

材质:棉布

题材:人物

收藏:Rubin Museum of Art

地域:藏中

年份:17世纪（1600 - 1699）

传承:不确定

是否支持复刻: 支持

内容:

Avalokiteshvara, Ekadasamukha (Tibetan: chen re zi, shal chu jig. English: the Eleven Faced Lord Gazing on the World); the bodhisattva of compassion. Surrounding the central figure are the Thirty-five Confession Buddhas according to the system of Tsongkapa.The bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara is the patron deity of Tibet and appears in a variety of forms both peaceful, wrathful and in large mandalas surrounded by numerous deities. As a universal symbol he embodies the compassion of all buddhas of the ten directions and three times. In the standing form with 11 faces he is closely associated with the famous bhikshuni (nun) of Kashmir, Lakshmi (Tib.: Ani Palmo), who popularized a meditation practice incorporating a 2 day purification and fasting ritual. Lord Atisha, Rinchen Zangpo and others popularized this practice throughout Tibet.History: At one time the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara made a promise that should he give rise to thoughts of self benefit may the head break into 10 pieces and the body into 1000. After continuously witnessing the misery of beings in various states of existence, discouraged, he gave rise to thoughts of seeking only his own happiness. At that very instant the head and body shattered. Calling out to Amitabha, the buddha came forth and spoke words of encouragement. Gathering up the 10 pieces of the head Amitabha constructed 10 faces - representing the 10 perfections. Gathering the 1000 pieces of the body he constructed another with 1000 hands each with an eye on the palm - representing the 1000 buddhas of the Golden Aeon. Finally he placed a duplicate of his own head at the crown - illuminating the entire threefold universe. This story is found in the apocryphal Tibetan text called the Mani Kabum. In that text it also describes how Tara appears from a tear drop coming from Avalokiteshvara's right eye and the goddess Brikuti appears from a tear drop of the left eye. Both Tara and Brikuti are manifesting, like the other enlightened figures, to assist Avalokiteshvara on the path of benefitting all beings and reaching enlightenemnet. Some modern tellings of the story state that the two goddesses were Green Tara and White Tara.The painting is executed in the manner of 'tsal thang.' On a red ground produced from vermilion paint the outline of figures are drawn and later filled with gold dust paint or coloured pigments depending on the artist or wishes of the patron.Jeff Watt 9-99